Caffeine
Common Names: Trimethylxanthine, Notable, It
Psychoactive Effects
Positive Effects
- Euphoria
Neutral Effects
- Increased alertness
- Enhanced focus
- Reduced fatigue
- Increased heart rate
- Pupil dilation
- Dry mouth
Negative Effects
- Anxiety
- Dysphoria
- Depression
Dosage Guidelines
| Route | Threshold | Light | Common | Strong | Heavy |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Oral | 50-100 mg | 100-200 mg | 200-400 mg | 400-600 mg | 600+ mg |
Duration
| Phase | Duration |
|---|---|
| Onset | 15-45 minutes |
| Peak | 1-2 hours |
| Total | 3-5 hours |
| After effects | 6-12 hours |
Pharmacology
Mechanism of Action: Caffeine acts as a nonselective adenosine receptor antagonist, blocking adenosine A1 and A2A receptors, which increases dopamine and norepinephrine release.
Metabolism: Metabolized in the liver primarily by CYP1A2 enzyme. Major metabolites include paraxanthine, theobromine, and theophylline.
Half-life: Approximately 5-6 hours, with effects typically lasting 3-5 hours.
Bioavailability: ~100% when taken orally, with peak plasma concentrations reached within 30-60 minutes.
Risks and Harm Reduction
⚠️ Important: Always practice harm reduction. Start with low doses, test your substances, and ensure a safe set and setting. Never use alone.
Legal Status
Disclaimer: Legal status varies by jurisdiction and may change. This information is for educational purposes only.
References
- • Nehlig, A., et al. (1992). Caffeine and the central nervous system: mechanisms of action, biochemical, metabolic and psychostimulant effects. Brain Research Reviews, 17(2), 139-170.
- • Fredholm, B. B., et al. (1999). Actions of caffeine in the brain with special reference to factors that contribute to its widespread use. Pharmacological Reviews, 51(1), 83-133.
- • Information compiled from PsychonautWiki